Install R

First you need to install R itself (the engine).

1. Go to the CRAN (Collective R Archive Network)¹ website: https://cran.r-project.org/

2. Click on “Download R for XXX”, where XXX is either Mac or Windows:

   

   • If you use macOS, scroll down to the first .pkg file in the list of files (in this picture, it’s R-4.0.0.pkg; as of right now, the current version is 4.2.1) and download it.

     

   • If you use Windows, click “base” (or click on the bolded “install R for the first time” link) and download it.

     

3. Double click on the downloaded file (check your Downloads folder). Click yes through all the prompts to install like any other program.

4. If you use macOS, download and install XQuartz. You do not need to do this on Windows.

Install RStudio

Next, you need to install RStudio, the nicer graphical user interface (GUI) for R (the dashboard). Once R and RStudio are both installed, you can ignore R and only use RStudio. RStudio will use R automatically and you won’t ever have to interact with it directly.

1. Go to the free download location on RStudio’s website: https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/#download

2. The website should automatically detect your operating system (macOS or Windows) and show a big download button for it:

   

   If not, scroll down a little to the large table and choose the version of RStudio that matches your operating system.

   

3. Double click on the downloaded file (again, check your Downloads folder). Click yes through all the prompts to install like any other program.

Double click on RStudio to run it (check your applications folder or start menu).

Install tidyverse

R packages are easy to install with RStudio. Select the packages panel, click on “Install,” type the name of the package you want to install, and press enter.

• This can sometimes be tedious when you’re installing lots of packages, though. The tidyverse, for instance, consists of dozens of packages (including ggplot2) that all work together. Rather than install each individually, you can install a single magical package and get them all at the same time.

• Go to the packages panel in RStudio, click on “Install,” type “tidyverse”, and press enter. You’ll see a bunch of output in the RStudio console as all the tidyverse packages are installed.

  

Notice also that RStudio will generate a line of code for you and run it: install.packages("tidyverse"). You can also just paste and run this instead of using the packages panel.

Install tinytex

When you knit to PDF, R uses a special scientific typesetting program named LaTeX (pronounced “lay-tek” or “lah-tex”; for goofy nerdy reasons, the x is technically the “ch” sound in “Bach”, but most people just say it as “k”—saying “layteks” is frowned on for whatever reason).

LaTeX is neat and makes pretty documents, but it’s a huge program—the macOS version, for instance, is nearly 4 GB! To make life easier, there’s an R package named tinytex that installs a minimal LaTeX program and that automatically deals with differences between macOS and Windows.

Here’s how to install tinytex so you can knit to pretty PDFs:

1. Use the Packages in panel in RStudio to install tinytex like you did above with tidyverse. Alternatively, run install.packages("tinytex") in the console.
2. Run tinytex::install_tinytex() in the console.
3. Wait for a bit while R downloads and installs everything you need.
4. The end!